High Purity GR2 Titanium Ingot for Forging Billets - China Suppliers & Factory
Product Description
A titanium ingot is a primary metal block formed by melting sponge titanium (or sponge titanium plus alloying elements). It serves as the fundamental product for titanium and titanium alloys, typically exhibiting a silvery-white metallic luster.
Product Parameters
| Item Name | Titanium ingot |
| Material | Pure Titanium, Titanium Alloy |
| Grade | Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, Gr4, Gr5(Ti-6AL-4V), Gr7, Gr9, Gr11, Gr12, etc. |
| Standard | ASTM B348 |
| Outer Diameter | 1-850mm |
| Length | 2000mm |
| Color | Ti Natural |
| Surface treatment | Polishing, Pickling |
| Features | Superlight, high strength, Low density, resistant to high/low temperatures, anti-corrosion and non-reactive to acids/bases. |
| Applications | Heat Exchanger, Condenser, Petroleum, Metallurgy, Chemical, Pharmacy, Marine Engineering |
Classification
1. By Composition
Purity typically exceeds 99.8%. Used as a feedstock for producing titanium alloys.
Produced by alloying industrial pure titanium with other metallic elements. Classified based on alloying elements into:
• Alpha (α) Type Titanium Alloy Ingot
• Beta (β) Type Titanium Alloy Ingot
• Alpha-Beta (α+β) Type Titanium Alloy Ingot
Manufactured using high-purity industrial pure titanium and medical-grade alloying elements. Specifically designed for producing medical instruments and implants.
2. By Specification
Includes square ingots, round ingots, slab ingots, etc. Different specifications cater to diverse processing and application requirements.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
Density: Approximately 4.5 g/cm³. Lighter than steel, copper, and aluminum, characterized by high strength and low density.
Tensile Strength: Can reach 686-1176 MPa.
Melting Point: High, approximately 1660°C.
Thermal Conductivity: Low, about 1/5th that of steel and 1/10th that of aluminum.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: Low, approximately half that of steel.
Cryogenic Performance: Excellent, retains good ductility even at liquid nitrogen temperatures.
Chemical Properties
Exhibits good stability at room temperature, resisting reaction with atmospheric O₂, N₂, etc.
Reacts with gases like O₂, N₂, H₂ at elevated temperatures.
Relatively stable in oxidizing, neutral, and weakly reducing acids.
Dissolves rapidly in strong reducing acids like hydrofluoric acid (HF).
At high temperatures, it exhibits a strong affinity for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen.
Production Process
1. Raw Material Preparation
The primary raw material is sponge titanium, generally requiring purity above 99%.
Master alloys (e.g., Ti-V, Ti-Al-Mg, Ti-Mo-Cr) are added to adjust composition and refine microstructure.
2. Melting
Primary Industrial Methods:
Vacuum Consumable Electrode (VCE) Melting: Sponge titanium and revert are pressed, dried, and formed into an electrode with a titanium sheet and graphite crucible. The electrode is then melted in a vacuum consumable furnace, often involving multiple melts before final pouring into an ingot mold.
Cold Hearth Melting: Raw materials are melted in a water-cooled copper hearth using high-temperature heat sources (electron beam or plasma arc). The melt solidifies in the hearth/crucible. This process effectively removes hard alpha phase and high-density inclusions, making it the preferred method for producing aerospace-grade "clean" titanium.
3. Refining
To further reduce impurity content, improve alloy homogeneity, and enhance overall material properties, titanium alloys often undergo refining.
Primary Refining Methods: Electron Beam Cold Hearth Refining (EBCHR), Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR).
Applications
Aerospace
One of the most widely used metallic materials.
Aircraft Structures: Key components like wings, fuselages, and landing gear utilize their low density and high strength to reduce weight and improve fuel efficiency.
Aero-Engines: Components such as compressor blades, discs, and casings, capable of withstanding high rotational speeds and elevated temperatures.
Medical Devices
Valued for excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. Used in artificial hip joints, artificial heart valves, dental implants, etc. Its favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility ensure broad market prospects.
Chemical Industry
Exceptional corrosion resistance enables wide application in chemical processing equipment, pipes, valves, etc. Resists corrosion from various acids, alkalis, and salts, extending equipment service life, enhancing production efficiency and safety.
Shipbuilding
Corrosion resistance in marine environments makes it suitable for hull structures, seawater handling systems, propellers, etc., improving vessel durability, reliability, and reducing maintenance costs.
Automotive Manufacturing
Used for engine components, suspension systems, and body structural parts where high strength and durability are critical. Contributes to weight reduction, improved fuel economy, enhanced vehicle performance, and increased component reliability and longevity.